//Write an 8051 C program to send values 00 – FF to port P1.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char z;
for (z=0;z<=255;z++)
P1=z;
}
//Write an 8051 C program to send hex values for ASCII characters of
//0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, A, B, C, and D to port P1.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char mynum[]="012345ABCD";
unsigned char z;
for (z=0;z<=10;z++)
P1=mynum[z];
}
//Write an 8051 C program to toggle all the bits of P1 continuously.
//Solution:
//Toggle P1 forever
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
for (;;)
{
P1=0x55;
P1=0xAA;
}
}
//Write an 8051 C program to send values of –4 to +4 to port P1.
//Solution:
////Singed numbers
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
char mynum[]={+1,-1,+2,-2,+3,-3,+4,-4};
unsigned char z;
for (z=0;z<=8;z++)
P1=mynum[z];
}
//Write an 8051 C program to toggle bit D0 of the port P1 (P1.0)
//50,000 times.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit MYBIT=P1^0;
void main(void)
{
unsigned int z;
for (z=0;z<=50000;z++)
{
MYBIT=0;
MYBIT=1;
}
}
//Write an 8051 C program to toggle bits of P1 continuously forever
//with some delay.
//Solution:
////Toggle P1 forever with some delay in between
////“on” and “off”
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned int x;
for (;;) //repeat forever
{
P1=0x55;
for (x=0;x<40000;x++); //delay size
//unknown
P1=0xAA;
for (x=0;x<40000;x++);
}
}
//Write an 8051 C program to toggle bits of P1 ports continuously with a 250 ms.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void MSDelay(unsigned int);
void main(void)
{
while (1) //repeat forever
{
P1=0x55;
MSDelay(250);
P1=0xAA;
MSDelay(250);
}
}
void MSDelay(unsigned int itime)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for (i=0;i<itime;i++)
for (j=0;j<1275;j++);
}
//LEDs are connected to bits P1 and P2. Write an 8051 C program that
//shows the count from 0 to FFH (0000 0000 to 1111 1111 in binary)
//on the LEDs.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
#define LED P2
void main(void)
{
P1=00; //clear P1
LED=0; //clear P2
for (;;) //repeat forever
{
P1++; //increment P1
LED++; //increment P2
}
}
//Write an 8051 C program to get a byte of data form P1, wait 1/2
//second, and then send it to P2.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void MSDelay(unsigned int);
void main(void)
{
unsigned char mybyte;
P1=0xFF; //make P1 input port
while (1)
{
mybyte=P1; //get a byte from P1
MSDelay(500);
P2=mybyte; //send it to P2
}
}
void MSDelay(unsigned int itime)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for (i=0;i<itime;i++)
for (j=0;j<1275;j++);
}
//Write an 8051 C program to get a byte of data form P0. If it is less
//than 100, send it to P1; otherwise, send it to P2.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char mybyte;
P0=0xFF; //make P0 input port
while (1)
{
mybyte=P0; //get a byte from P0
if (mybyte<100)
P1=mybyte; //send it to P1
else
P2=mybyte; //send it to P2
}
}
//Write an 8051 C program to toggle only bit P2.4 continuously without
//disturbing the rest of the bits of P2.
//Solution:
////Toggling an individual bit
#include <reg51.h>
sbit mybit=P2^4;
void main(void)
{
while (1)
{
mybit=1; //turn on P2.4
mybit=0; //turn off P2.4
}
}
//Write an 8051 C program to monitor bit P1.5. If it is high, send 55H
//to P0; otherwise, send AAH to P2.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit mybit=P1^5;
void main(void)
{
mybit=1; //make mybit an input
while (1)
{
if (mybit==1)
P0=0x55;
else
P2=0xAA;
}
}
//A door sensor is connected to the P1.1 pin, and a buzzer is connected
//to P1.7. Write an 8051 C program to monitor the door sensor, and
//when it opens, sound the buzzer. You can sound the buzzer by
//sending a square wave of a few hundred Hz.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void MSDelay(unsigned int);
sbit Dsensor=P1^1;
sbit Buzzer=P1^7;
void main(void)
{
Dsensor=1; //make P1.1 an input
while (1)
{
while (Dsensor==1)//while it opens
{
Buzzer=0;
MSDelay(200);
Buzzer=1;
MSDelay(200);
}
}
}
void MSDelay(unsigned int itime)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for (i=0;i<itime;i++)
for (j=0;j<1275;j++);
}
//The data pins of an LCD are connected to P1. The information is
//latched into the LCD whenever its Enable pin goes from high to low.
//Write an 8051 C program to send “The Earth is but One Country” to
//this LCD.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
#define LCDData P1 //LCDData declaration
sbit En=P2^0; //the enable pin
void main(void)
{
unsigned char message[] ="The Earth is but One Country";
unsigned char z;
for (z=0;z<28;z++) //send 28 characters
{
LCDData=message[z];
En=1; //a highEn=0; //-to-low pulse to latch data
}
}
//Write an 8051 C program to toggle all the bits of P0, P1, and P2
//continuously with a 250 ms delay. Use the sfr keyword to declare the
//port addresses.
//Solution:
//Accessing Ports as SFRs using sfr data type
sfr P0=0x80;
sfr P1=0x90;
sfr P2=0xA0;
void MSDelay(unsigned int);
void main(void)
{
while (1)
{
P0=0x55;
P1=0x55;
P2=0x55;
MSDelay(250);
P0=0xAA;
P1=0xAA;
P2=0xAA;
MSDelay(250);
}
}
void MSDelay(unsigned int itime)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for (i=0;i<itime;i++)
for (j=0;j<1275;j++);
}
//Write an 8051 C program to turn bit P1.5 on and off 50,000 times.
//Solution:
sbit MYBIT=0x95;
void main(void)
{
unsigned int z;
for (z=0;z<50000;z++)
{
MYBIT=1;
MYBIT=0;
}
}
//Write an 8051 C program to get the status of bit P1.0, save it, and
//send it to P2.7 continuously.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit inbit=P1^0;
sbit outbit=P2^7;
bit membit; //use bit to declare bit- addressable memory
void main(void)
{
while (1)
{
membit=inbit; //get a bit from P1.0
outbit=membit; //send it to P2.7
}
}
//Run the following program on your simulator and examine the results.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
P0=0x35 & 0x0F; //ANDing
P1=0x04 | 0x68; //ORing
P2=0x54 ^ 0x78; //XORing
P0=~0x55; //inversing
P1=0x9A >> 3; //shifting right 3
P2=0x77 >> 4; //shifting right 4
P0=0x6 << 4; //shifting left 4
}
//Write an 8051 C program to toggle all the bits of P0 and P2
//continuously with a 250 ms delay. Using the inverting and Ex-OR
//operators, respectively.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void MSDelay(unsigned int);
void main(void)
{
P0=0x55;
P2=0x55;
while (1)
{
P0=~P0;
P2=P2^0xFF;
MSDelay(250);
}
}
void MSDelay(unsigned int itime)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for (i=0;i<itime;i++)
for (j=0;j<1275;j++);
}
//Write an 8051 C program to get bit P1.0 and send it to P2.7 after
//inverting it.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit inbit=P1^0;
sbit outbit=P2^7;
bit membit;
void main(void)
{
while (1)
{
membit=inbit; //get a bit from P1.0
outbit=~membit; //invert it and send it to P2.7
}
}
//Write an 8051 C program to read the P1.0 and P1.1 bits and issue an
//ASCII character to P0 according to the following table.
//P1.1 P1.0
//0 0 send ‘0’ to P0
//0 1 send ‘1’ to P0
//1 0 send ‘2’ to P0
//1 1 send ‘3’ to P0
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsignbed char z;
z=P1;
z=z&0x3;
switch (z)
{
case(0):
{
P0='0';
break;
}
case(1):
{
P0='1';
break;
}
case(2):
{
P0='2';
break;
}
case(3):
{
P0='3';
break;
}
}
}
//Write an 8051 C program to convert packed BCD 0x29 to ASCII and
//display the bytes on P1 and P2.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char x,y,z;
unsigned char mybyte=0x29;
x=mybyte&0x0F;
P1=x|0x30;
y=mybyte&0xF0;
y=y>>4;
P2=y|0x30;
}
//Write an 8051 C program to convert ASCII digits of ‘4’ and ‘7’ to
//packed BCD and display them on P1.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char bcdbyte;
unsigned char w='4';
unsigned char z='7';
w=w&0x0F;
w=w<<4;
z=z&0x0F;
bcdbyte=w|z;
P1=bcdbyte;
}
//Write an 8051 C program to calculate the checksum byte for the data
//25H, 62H, 3FH, and 52H.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char mydata[]={0x25,0x62,0x3F,0x52};
unsigned char sum=0;
unsigned char x;
unsigned char chksumbyte;
for (x=0;x<4;x++)
{
P2=mydata[x];
sum=sum+mydata[x];
P1=sum;
}
chksumbyte=~sum+1;
P1=chksumbyte;
}
//Write an 8051 C program to perform the checksum operation to
//ensure data integrity. If data is good, send ASCII character ‘G’ to P0.
//Otherwise send ‘B’ to P0.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char mydata[] = {0x25,0x62,0x3F,0x52,0xE8};
unsigned char chksum=0;
unsigned char x;
for (x=0;x<5;x++)
chksum=chksum+mydata[x];
if (chksum==0)
P0='G';
else
P0='B';
}
//Write an 8051 C program to convert 11111101 (FD hex) to decimal
//and display the digits on P0, P1 and P2.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char x,binbyte,d1,d2,d3;
binbyte=0xFD;
x=binbyte/10;
d1=binbyte%10;
d2=x%10;
d3=x/10;
P0=d1;
P1=d2;
P2=d3;
}
//Compile and single-step the following program on your 8051
//simulator. Examine the contents of the 128-byte RAM space to locate
//the ASCII values.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char mynum[]="ABCDEF"; //RAM space
unsigned char z;
for (z=0;z<=6;z++)
P1=mynum[z];
}
//Write, compile and single-step the following program on your 8051
//simulator. Examine the contents of the code space to locate the values.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char mydata[100]; //RAM space
unsigned char x,z=0;
for (x=0;x<100;x++)
{
z--;
mydata[x]=z;
P1=z;
}
}
//Compile and single-step the following program on your 8051
//simulator. Examine the contents of the code space to locate the ASCII
//values.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
code unsigned char mynum[]="ABCDEF";
unsigned char z;
for (z=0;z<=6;z++)
P1=mynum[z];
}
//Write, compile and single-step the following program on your 8051
//simulator. Examine the contents of the code space to locate the values.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char mydata[100]; //RAM space
unsigned char x,z=0;
for (x=0;x<100;x++)
{
z--;
mydata[x]=z;
P1=z;
}
}
//Compile and single-step the following program on your 8051
//simulator. Examine the contents of the code space to locate the ASCII
//values.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
code unsigned char mynum[]="ABCDEF";
unsigned char z;
for (z=0;z<=6;z++)
P1=mynum[z];
}
//Write a C program to send out the value 44H serially one bit at a time
//via P1.0. The LSB should go out first.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit P1b0=P1^0;
sbit regALSB=ACC^0;
void main(void)
{
unsigned char conbyte=0x44;
unsigned char x;
ACC=conbyte;
for (x=0;x<8;x++)
{
P1b0=regALSB;
ACC=ACC>>1;
}
}
//Write a C program to send out the value 44H serially one bit at a time
//via P1.0. The MSB should go out first.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit P1b0=P1^0;
sbit regAMSB=ACC^7;
void main(void)
{
unsigned char conbyte=0x44;
unsigned char x;
ACC=conbyte;
for (x=0;x<8;x++)
{
P1b0=regAMSB;
ACC=ACC<<1;
}
}
//Write a C program to bring in a byte of data serially one bit at a time
//via P1.0. The LSB should come in first.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit P1b0=P1^0;
sbit ACCMSB=ACC^7;
bit membit;
void main(void)
{
unsigned char x;
for (x=0;x<8;x++)
{
membit=P1b0;
ACC=ACC>>1;
ACCMSB=membit;
}
P2=ACC;
}
//Write a C program to bring in a byte of data serially one bit at a time
//via P1.0. The MSB should come in first.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit P1b0=P1^0;
sbit regALSB=ACC^0;
bit membit;
void main(void)
{
unsigned char x;
for (x=0;x<8;x++)
{
membit=P1b0;
ACC=ACC<<1;
regALSB=membit;
}
P2=ACC;
}
//Example 9-20
//Write an 8051 C program to toggle all the bits of port P1 continuously
//with some delay in between. Use Timer 0, 16-bit mode to
//generate the delay.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void T0Delay(void);
void main(void)
{
while (1)
{
P1=0x55;
T0Delay();
P1=0xAA;
T0Delay();
}
}
void T0Delay()
{
TMOD=0x01;
TL0=0x00;
TH0=0x35;
TR0=1;
while (TF0==0);
TR0=0;
TF0=0;
}
//Example 9-21
//Write an 8051 C program to toggle only bit P1.5 continuously every
//50 ms. Use Timer 0, mode 1 (16-bit) to create the delay. Test the
//program on the (a) AT89C51 and (b) DS89C420.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void T0M1Delay(void);
sbit mybit=P1^5;
void main(void)
{
while (1)
{
mybit=~mybit;
T0M1Delay();
}
}
void T0M1Delay(void)
{
TMOD=0x01;
TL0=0xFD;
TH0=0x4B;
TR0=1;
while (TF0==0);
TR0=0;
TF0=0;
}
//Example 9-22
//Write an 8051 C program to toggle all bits of P2 continuously every
//500 ms. Use Timer 1, mode 1 to create the delay.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void T1M1Delay(void);
void main(void)
{
unsigned char x;
P2=0x55;
while (1)
{
P2=~P2;
for (x=0;x<20;x++)
T1M1Delay();
}
}
void T1M1Delay(void)
{
TMOD=0x10;
TL1=0xFE;
TH1=0xA5;
TR1=1;
while (TF1==0);
TR1=0;
TF1=0;
}
//Example 9-25
//A switch is connected to pin P1.2. Write an 8051 C program to
//monitor SW and create the following frequencies on pin P1.7:
//SW=0: 500Hz
//SW=1: 750Hz, use Timer 0, mode 1 for both of them.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit mybit=P1^5;
sbit SW=P1^7;
void T0M1Delay(unsigned char);
void main(void)
{
SW=1;
while (1)
{
mybit=~mybit;
if (SW==0)
T0M1Delay(0);
else
T0M1Delay(1);
}
}
void T0M1Delay(unsigned char c)
{
TMOD=0x01;
if (c==0)
{
TL0=0x67;
TH0=0xFC;
}
else
{
TL0=0x9A;
TH0=0xFD;
}
TR0=1;
while (TF0==0);
TR0=0;
TF0=0;
}
//Example 9-23
//Write an 8051 C program to toggle only pin P1.5 continuously every
//250 ms. Use Timer 0, mode 2 (8-bit auto-reload) to create the
//delay.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void T0M2Delay(void);
sbit mybit=P1^5;
void main(void)
{
unsigned char x,y;
while (1)
{
mybit=~mybit;
for (x=0;x<250;x++)
for (y=0;y<36;y++) //we put 36, not 40
T0M2Delay();
}
}
void T0M2Delay(void)
{
TMOD=0x02;
TH0=-23;
TR0=1;
while (TF0==0);
TR0=0;
TF0=0;
}
//Example 9-24
//Write an 8051 C program to create a frequency of 2500 Hz on pin
//P2.7. Use Timer 1, mode 2 to create delay.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void T1M2Delay(void);
sbit mybit=P2^7;
void main(void)
{
unsigned char x;
while (1)
{
mybit=~mybit;
T1M2Delay();
}
}
void T1M2Delay(void)
{
TMOD=0x20;
TH1=-184;
TR1=1;
while (TF1==0);
TR1=0;
TF1=0;
}
//Example 9-26
//Assume that a 1-Hz external clock is being fed into pin T1 (P3.5).
//Write a C program for counter 1 in mode 2 (8-bit auto reload) to count
//up and display the state of the TL1 count on P1. Start the count at 0H.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
T1=1;
TMOD=0x60;
TH1=0;
while (1)
{
do
{
TR1=1;
P1=TL1;
}while (TF1==0);
TR1=0;
TF1=0;
}
}
//Example 9-27
//Assume that a 1-Hz external clock is being fed into pin T0 (P3.4).
//Write a C program for counter 0 in mode 1 (16-bit) to count the pulses
//and display the state of the TH0 and TL0 registers on P2 and P1,
//respectively.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
T0=1;
TMOD=0x05;
TL0=0;
TH0=0;
while (1)
{
do
{
TR0=1;
P1=TL0;
P2=TH0;
} while (TF0==0);
TR0=0;
TF0=0;
}
}
//Example 10-15
//Write a C program for 8051 to transfer the letter “A” serially at 4800
//baud continuously. Use 8-bit data and 1 stop bit.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
TMOD=0x20; //use Timer 1, mode 2
TH1=0xFA; //4800 baud rate
SCON=0x50;
TR1=1;
while (1)
{
SBUF='A'; //place value in buffer
while (TI==0);
TI=0;
}
}
//Example 10-16
//Write an 8051 C program to transfer the message “YES” serially at
//9600 baud, 8-bit data, 1 stop bit. Do this continuously.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void SerTx(unsigned char);
void main(void)
{
TMOD=0x20; //use Timer 1, mode 2
TH1=0xFD; //9600 baud rate
SCON=0x50;
TR1=1; //start timer
while (1)
{
SerTx('Y');
SerTx('E');
SerTx('S');
}
}
void SerTx(unsigned char x)
{
SBUF=x; //place value in buffer
while (TI==0); //wait until transmitted
TI=0;
}
//Example 10-17
//Program the 8051 in C to receive bytes of data serially and put them
//in P1. Set the baud rate at 4800, 8-bit data, and 1 stop bit.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char mybyte;
TMOD=0x20; //use Timer 1, mode 2
TH1=0xFA; //4800 baud rate
SCON=0x50;
TR1=1; //start timer
while (1)
{ //repeat forever
while (RI==0); //wait to receive
mybyte=SBUF; //save value
P1=mybyte; //write value to port
RI=0;
}
}
//Example 10-19
//Write an 8051 C Program to send the two messages “Normal Speed”
//and “High Speed” to the serial port. Assuming that SW is connected
//to pin P2.0, monitor its status and set the baud rate as follows:
//SW = 0, 28,800 baud rate
//SW = 1, 56K baud rate
//Assume that XTAL = 11.0592 MHz for both cases.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit MYSW=P2^0; //input switch
void main(void)
{
unsigned char z;
unsigned char Mess1[]="Normal Speed";
unsigned char Mess2[]="High Speed";
TMOD=0x20; //use Timer 1, mode 2
TH1=0xFF; //28800 for normal
SCON=0x50;
TR1=1; //start timer
if(MYSW==0)
{
for (z=0;z<12;z++)
{
SBUF=Mess1[z]; //place value in buffer
while(TI==0); //wait for transmit
TI=0;
}
}
else
{
PCON=PCON|0x80; //for high speed of 56K
for (z=0;z<10;z++)
{
SBUF=Mess2[z]; //place value in buffer
while(TI==0); //wait for transmit
TI=0;
}
}
}
//Example 10-20
//Write a C program for the DS89C4x0 to transfer the letter “A” serially
//at 4800 baud continuously. Use the second serial port with 8-bit data
//and 1 stop bit. We can only use Timer 1 to set the baud rate.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sfr SBUF1=0xC1;
sfr SCON1=0xC0;
sbit TI1=0xC1;
void main(void)
{
TMOD=0x20; //use Timer 1, mode 2
TH1=0xFA; //4800 baud rate
SCON=0x50; //use 2nd serial port SCON1
TR1=1; //start timer
while (1)
{
SBUF1='A'; //use 2nd serial port SBUF1
while (TI1==0); //wait for transmit
TI1=0;
}
}
//Example 10-21
//Program the DS89C4x0 in C to receive bytes of data serially via the
//second serial port and put them in P1. Set the baud rate at 9600, 8-bit
//data and 1 stop bit. Use Timer 1 for baud rate generation.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sfr SBUF1=0xC1;
sfr SCON1=0xC0;
sbit RI1=0xC0;
void main(void)
{
unsigned char mybyte;
TMOD=0x20; //use Timer 1, mode 2
TH1=0xFD; //9600 baud rate
SCON1=0x50; //use 2nd serial port SCON1
TR1=1; //start timer
while (1)
{
while (RI1==0); //monitor RI1
mybyte=SBUF1; //use SBUF1
P2=mybyte; //place value on port
RI1=0;
}
}
//Example 11-14
//Write a C program that continuously gets a single bit of data from P1.7
//and sends it to P1.0, while simultaneously creating a square wave of
//200 μs period on pin P2.5. Use Timer 0 to create the square wave.
//Assume that XTAL = 11.0592 MHz.
//Solution:
//We will use timer 0 mode 2 (auto-reload). One half of the period is
//100 μs. 100/1.085 μs = 92, and TH0 = 256 - 92 = 164 or A4H
#include <reg51.h>
sbit SW =P1^7;
sbit IND =P1^0;
sbit WAVE =P2^5;
void timer0(void) interrupt 1
{
WAVE=~WAVE; //toggle pin
}
void main()
{
SW=1; //make switch input
TMOD=0x02;
TH0=0xA4; //TH0=-92
IE=0x82; //enable interrupt for timer 0
while (1)
{
IND=SW; //send switch to LED
}
}
//Example 11-16
//Write a C program using interrupts to do the following:
//(a) Receive data serially and send it to P0
//(b) Read port P1, transmit data serially, and give a copy to P2
//(c) Make timer 0 generate a square wave of 5 kHz frequency on P0.1
//Assume that XTAL = 11.0592 MHz. Set the baud rate at 4800.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit WAVE =P0^1;
void timer0() interrupt 1
{
WAVE=~WAVE; //toggle pin
}
void serial0() interrupt 4
{
if (TI==1)
{
TI=0; //clear interrupt
}
else
{
P0=SBUF; //put value on pins
RI=0; //clear interrupt
}
}
void main()
{
unsigned char x;
P1=0xFF; //make P1 an input
TMOD=0x22;
TH1=0xF6; //4800 baud rate
SCON=0x50;
TH0=0xA4; //5 kHz has T=200us
IE=0x92; //enable interrupts
TR1=1; //start timer 1
TR0=1; //start timer 0
while (1)
{
x=P1; //read value from pins
SBUF=x; //put value in buffer
P2=x; //write value to pins
}
}
//Example 11-17
//Write a C program using interrupts to do the following:
//(a) Generate a 10 KHz frequency on P2.1 using T0 8-bit auto-reload
//(b) Use timer 1 as an event counter to count up a 1-Hz pulse and
//display it on P0. The pulse is connected to EX1.
//Assume that XTAL = 11.0592 MHz. Set the baud rate at 9600.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit WAVE =P2^1;
unsigned char cnt;
void timer0() interrupt 1
{
WAVE=~WAVE; //toggle pin
}
void timer1() interrupt 3
{
cnt++; //increment counter
P0=cnt; //display value on pins
}
void main()
{
cnt=0; //set counter to 0
TMOD=0x42;
TH0=0x46; //10 KHz
IE=0x86; //enable interrupts
TR0=1; //start timer 0
while (1); //wait until interrupted
}
//Example 12-2
//Write an 8051 C program to send letters ‘M’, ‘D’, and ‘E’ to the LCD
//using the busy flag method.
//Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sfr ldata = 0x90; //P1=LCD data pins
sbit rs = P2^0;
sbit rw = P2^1;
sbit en = P2^2;
sbit busy = P1^7;
void MSDelay(unsigned int itime)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for (i=0;i<itime;i++)
for (j=0;j<1275;j++);
}
void lcdready()
{
busy = 1; //make the busy pin at input
rs = 0;
rw = 1;
while(busy==1)
{ //wait here for busy flag
en = 0; //strobe the enable pin
MSDelay(1);
en = 1;
}
}
void lcdcmd(unsigned char value)
{
lcdready(); //check the LCD busy flag
ldata = value; //put the value on the pins
rs = 0;
rw = 0;
en = 1; //strobe the enable pin
MSDelay(1);
en = 0;
return;
}
void lcddata(unsigned char value)
{
lcdready(); //check the LCD busy flag
ldata = value; //put the value on the pins
rs = 1;
rw = 0;
en = 1; //strobe the enable pin
MSDelay(1);
en = 0;
return;
}
void main(){
lcdcmd(0x38);
lcdcmd(0x0E);
lcdcmd(0x01);
lcdcmd(0x06);
lcdcmd(0x86); //line 1, position 6
lcddata('M');
lcddata('D');
lcddata('E');
}
